Stronger-than-expected corporate earnings have helped fuel the rebound for U.S. stocks but some investors are pointing to potential risks ahead for profits that could sap the market's momentum.
With the vast majority of S&P 500 companies reported, second-quarter earnings are expected to have climbed 9.7% from a year earlier, well above the 5.6% estimated on July 1, according to Refinitiv IBES. The robust profits have supported a rally that has taken the S&P 500 up about 14% this quarter, after a brutal first half.
Some market participants are growing concerned, however, that strong corporate numbers may not last, as companies face an array of challenges, including surging inflation and changing consumer spending habits. These may make it difficult for stocks to hold their recent gains or rise further, they said.
"There is some downside to earnings going forward and it's revolving around inflation and the ability of companies to pass on those rising costs," said Paul Nolte, portfolio manager at Kingsview Investment Management.
"I would think the next leg (higher) is going to be a little bit harder" for stocks, he said.
Analysts' estimates for full-year profit growth have edged lower since the start of July, but still call for solid growth -- 8% in both 2022 and 2023, according to Refinitiv.
Strategists at fund management giant BlackRock, however, are among those who believe the market's views are overly optimistic.
One reason is a shift in consumer spending from goods to services that they believe will weigh on S&P 500 profits.
While goods make up less than a third of gross domestic product, earnings tied to goods are expected to account for 62% of S&P 500 earnings this year, BlackRock said.
"This means a boom in services doesn't power S&P 500 earnings as much as it does the economy," they wrote on Monday.
Overstocked inventories at companies such as retailers and semiconductor manufacturers show that such a trend is already underway, they said.
"The risk of disappointing earnings is one reason we're tactically underweight stocks," BlackRock said.
Earnings expectations are "remarkably strong" given headwinds such as slowing growth in China and an inverted U.S. Treasury yield curve, which often precedes a recession, said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer at Cresset Capital.
He remains "slightly underweight" equities, despite the recent rebound. Nolte, of Kingsview, has been adding to stock positions in portfolios he manages although he is still below his benchmark allocation.
Morgan Stanley's strategists, meanwhile, are focused on the prospect of weakening profit margins. Overall analyst estimates call for companies' operating margins at all-time highs next year, they noted.
"The combination of sustained, higher wage costs and slowing end market/consumer pricing loudly signals margin pressure, which is at odds with optimistic consensus estimate," they wrote Monday.
The firm believes downward earnings revisions are going to accelerate over the next two months, based on historical data going back to 1996.
At the same time, rising valuations could set a higher bar for earnings to come in strong enough to justify the elevated prices. The forward price-to-earnings estimate for the S&P 500 has risen to about 18 times after falling below 16 times in June, according to Refinitiv Datastream. The ratio is still well below the nearly 22 times level reached at the start of the year.
For now, however, companies have continued to show better-than-expected strength in earnings. Walmart (WMT.N) on Tuesday nudged up its annual profit forecast, partly reversing a hefty cut less than a month ago, while Home Depot's (HD.N) quarterly sales surpassed estimates after demand from builders and higher prices helped it cushion a hit from dwindling store visits. read more
Indeed, some market watchers believe the upbeat earnings trends will continue.
Citi strategists said in an Aug. 12 note that earnings revision trends had improved so far in August versus the previous month.
"The stabilization in revisions is encouraging," Citi said in the note. "However, 2023 estimates have not worked lower in tandem so there may still be some risk to out year estimates."
