The German economy contracted in 2023, due to persistent inflation, high energy prices and weak foreign demand, but it avoided a recession at the end of the year.
Gross domestic product (GDP) shrank by 0.3% over the full-year 2023, the Federal Statistics Office said on Monday.
"Overall economic development faltered in Germany in 2023 in an environment that continues to be marked by multiple crises", said Ruth Brand, president of the statistics office, on Monday in Berlin.
The full-year decrease in GDP was in line with the forecast by analysts polled by Reuters.
"Despite recent price declines, prices remained high at all stages in the economic process and put a damper on economic growth," Brand said. "Unfavourable financing conditions due to rising interest rates and weaker domestic and foreign demand also took their toll."
"The recessionary conditions which have been dragging on since the end of 2022 look set to continue this year," said Andrew Kenningham, chief Europe economist at Capital Economics.
The recent fall in inflation should provide some relief for households, but residential and business investment are likely to contract, construction is heading for a steep downturn and the government is tightening fiscal policy sharply, Kenningham said, forecasting zero GDP growth in 2024.
The German economy did not continue its recovery from the sharp economic slump experienced in the pandemic year of 2020, but GDP was 0.7% higher in 2023 than in 2019, the year before the COVID-19 pandemic hit.
"It is worrying that the German economy has hardly grown at all since the outbreak of coronavirus," Commerzbank's chief economist Joerg Kraemer said. "This is rare and brings back memories of the years following the bursting of the stock market bubble at the start of the millennium."
Economic performance in industry, excluding construction, declined by 2.0% in 2023, due to much lower production in the energy supply sector, while economic activity in services contributed to growth.
Construction saw modest growth of 0.2% in 2023. Deteriorating financing conditions had a particularly noticeable impact in the sector, alongside persistently high building costs and a skilled labour shortage.
Household consumption in 2023 was down a price-adjusted 0.8% on the previous year and government expenditure fell 1.7%, the data showed.
The subdued pace of growth of the global economy and weak domestic demand in 2023 also impacted foreign trade, which declined despite falling prices, with imports experiencing a 3.0% contraction and exports falling 1.8% on the year. This produced a positive balance of exports and imports, which supported GDP.
